BÖLÜM DUYURULARI

2023-05-24

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2022 - 2023 EĞİTİM-ÖĞRETİM YILI DEVLET SINAV SORULARI

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KYRGYZSTAN-TURKEY MANAS UNIVERSITY 

FACULTY OF HUMANITY

DEPARTMENT OF PHILOLOGY

 (ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE)

                                                        STATE EXAM QUESTIONS

ENGLISH LITERATURE.

1. What is Rhetorical Criticism? (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures,

benefits, limitations and critical questions).

1. Four Theories of Literary Criticism. M.H. Abrams’ classification: Universe (Mimetic); Audience (Pragmatic); Poet (Expressive); Poem (Objective).
2. Major Movements (Schools / Approaches) of Literary Criticism. (Include key terms and theories with short description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
3. Categories of Literary Criticism: Expository Approaches and Interpretive and Ideological

Approaches to Literature.

1. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Categories of Literary Theory and Criticism.
2. What is New Criticism? (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
3. What is Archetypal Criticism? (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
4. What is Feminist Criticism? Three Waves of Feminism; Traditional Gender Roles; (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
5. What is Structuralism? (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
6. What is Formalism? (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
7. What is New – Historical Approach to Literature? Explain the concept of First World, Second
8. World, Third World, and Fourth World. (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
9. What is Reader Response Criticism? (Include key terms and theories with description, major

figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).

1. Peter Newmark’s book “A Textbook of Translation”. Procedures of translation, methods,

transformations, and contribution.

1. What is Ecocriticism? (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
2. What is Semiotics? Structural Linguistics (Ferdinand De Saussure, C. S. Peirce); Structural

Anthropology (Claude Levi-Strauss); Barthes’ Semiotic Analysis; Sign vs. Symbol.

1. Mythological Criticism. Explain Northrop Frye’s Theory of Myths;
2. J.C. Catford’s book “A Linguistic Theory of Translation”. Shift translation.
3. Explain Reader-Response Theory and Its Strategies: Textual, Experiential, Psychological, Social, and Cultural. (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
4. Define Russian Formalism and the Bakhtin School (1915–1929). ((Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits, limitations and critical questions).
5. Marxist Theories / Approach to Literary Criticism: Karl Marx (1818–1883); the Role of Ideology; Class System; the ‘Superstructure’ (Ideology, Politics) and the ‘Base’ (Socio-Economic Relations).
6.  What is Psychoanalytic Approach to Literature? Sigmund Freud (1856–1939): Unconscious

Repressed Desire. (Include key terms and theories with description, major figures, benefits,

limitations and critical questions).

1. Explain Psychoanalytic Approach: Carl Jung (1875–1961): the Archetypal Collective
2.  
3. Development of the English Prose: the Chronological Overview of the Periods of English Novel including Famous English Writers.
4. Character in Prose: Explicit and Implicit Characterization.
5. Character in Novel: Techniques of Characterization.
6. Narrators and Narrative Situation, Narrative Voices. Structure of the Narrative.
7. Types of Prose Fiction; Epistolary Novel, Picaresque Novel, Historical Novel, Gothic Novel, Social Novel, Bildungsroman, Science Fiction, Graphic Novel.
8. Elements of Novel: Plot, Character, Setting, Theme, Mood, Tone, Point of View.
9. Main Characteristics of Short Story: Literary Elements of Short Story.
10. Literary Devices and Figurative Language in Novel.
11. Development of the English Poetry: The Chronological Overview of the Periods of English Poetry including Famous English Poets.
12. Forma of Poetry (Types of Poetry): Ballad, Ode, Sonnet, Haiku, Limerick, Acrostic, Free Verse.
13. Poetry and Poem. Elements of Poetry: Form, Sound, Imagery, Figurative Language
14. Rhythm: Five Kinds of Rhythm, Five Basic Feet.

Poetic Structure (Poetic Line, Stanza, Verse, Enjambment Verse)

1. Sound Patterns (Rhyme, Rhythm, Meter, Foot, Word Sounds (Alliteration)
2. Genres of Poems: Lyric Poetry, Narrative Poetry, Descriptive Poetry.
3. Poetic Language: Word Choice / Diction Used in Creating Feeling or Mood
4. Meaning in Poetry: Denotation, Connotation, Images, Figurative Meaning
5. Imagery in Poetry. Five Types of Imagery
6. Classification of Dramatic Plays: Tragedy and Comedy.
7. Development of the English Drama: the Chronological Overview of the Periods of English Drama Including Famous Playwrights;
8. Types of Drama: Tragedy, Comedy, Problem Play, Farce, Comedy of Manners, Fantasy,
9.  
10. Aristotle's Six Elements of Drama / Modern Elements of Drama: Plot, Theme, Characters, Dialogue (Monologue, Soliloquy, Aside), Music / Rhythm, Spectacle (Special Effects), Script/Text, the Audience, the Playwright.
11. History of Drama (Greek Tragedy and Greek Comedy). Drama in the Middle Age, Morality Plays and Interludes.
12. William Shakespeare (1564-1616), Elizabethan Drama. Three Main Genres of Shakespeare's

Dramatic Works: Comedy, History, and Tragedy.

1. Literary Periods of British Literature. Romanticism, Victorian Period.
2. Modernism in English and American Literature.
3. The Iceberg Theory in Earnest Hemingway’s writings.
4. Literary Periods of British Literature: Renaissance and Reformation, the Enlightenment.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

1. Language and Linguistics. Speech, Language, and Speaking.
2. Classical and Medieval Linguistics. Linguistics as a Descriptive and a Prescriptive science.
3. Language as a Communication Code. The Language Code: encoding and decoding.
4. The Sign. Types of Signs. The Nature of Linguistic Sign: the signified and the signifier.
5. Characteristics of the linguistic sign. Two aspects of linguistic sign.
6. Features of Language: Arbitrariness; Variability; Double articulation, language economy, and productivity Language Universals.
7. The Science of Linguistics. Branches of Linguistics.
8. Levels of Linguistic Analysis: phonetics/phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
9. Phonetics/phonology: Pronunciation and Orthography. Articulatory phonetics; Auditory phonetics; Acoustic phonetics.
10. Morphology: Free morphemes (lexical and functional), bound morphemes (derivational and inflectional). Allomorph. Zero morphemes.
11. Typological Classifications of Languages Based on Morphology
12. Syntax. Lexical (or syntactic) Categories of Speech (parts of speech);
13. Synchronic and Diachronic study of Linguistics.
14. The structuralist perspective to Linguistics. Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic relations of Language System.
15. The Chomskyan revolution: Generative grammar. The influence of Chomsky on English Language. The evolution of generative grammar.
16. Semantics: The lexicon and lexemes. Semantic relativity. Semantic features.
17. Pragmatics and its Basic Concepts (Utterance, Context, Entailment, Grice’s theory of implicature, Deixis and Presupposition). Politeness theory.
18. Nature of Speech Act Theory (Performative Verbs; Locutionary, Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Acts)
19. Sociolinguistics. Dialectology.
20. Aspects of Semantic Change:  Causes, Nature and Results of Semantic Change. The Semantic Field Theory
21. Structural Approaches to the Study of Meaning: History of Componential Approach to Meaning.  Geoffrey Leech’s Version of Representing these Components  
22. Types of Discourse. Tools used in Discourse Analysis.
23. Basics of Minimalist Theory of Syntax as developed by Noam Chomsky
24. Three Universal Principles of Syntax that Apply to all Languages
25. Valency and Collocation in Linguistics
26. Dimensions of Meaning (Reference, Denotation, Connotation, Lexical and Grammatical Meanings)
27. Dimensions of Meaning (Homonymy, Polysemy, Context)
28. Homonyms (Classification and Sources of Homonyms)
29. Grammatical Categories of the Adjective and Adverb
30. Word Formation Processes
31. Definition of Discourse, its Origin, Earliest Studies of Discourse Analysis
32. Major Concepts in Discourse Analysis (Text, Context, Speech and Writing)
33. Cohesion and Coherence. Types of Lexical and Grammatical Cohesion
34. Hyponymy. Hyponyms. Hypernyms
35.  Deixis. Referential Deixis. Spatial Deixis. Temporal Deixis
36. Genetic Classifications of Languages
37. The Roman Conquest of Britain and its Effect on the Linguistic Situation
38. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest of Britain and its Effect on the Linguistic Situation
39. The Dialects in Old English. Old English Written Records
40. The Scandinavian Conquest of Britain and its Effect on the Linguistic Situation
41. The Norman Conquest and its Effect on the Linguistic Situation.
42. Middle English dialects. Middle English Written Records
43. The Great Vowel Shift
44. Grimm’s Law and Verner’s Law
45. Early Modern English Period. Shakespeare’s Contribution to the English Language
46. Language I Acquisition Theories (Generativism, Functionalism and Behaviorism)
47.   Structuralism.  Ferdinand de Saussure: “Course in General Linguistics”   
48.  Contributions of the Prague School to the Study of Language

(R. Jakobson: functions of language, N. Trubetzkoy: Principles of Phonology)

1.  London School of Linguistics. Systemic Functional Linguistics by M. Halliday
2.  Semiotics: F. de Saussure and S. Pierce’s Theories of Signs

 

                                                             CLOSE READINGS / ANALYSIS